Standard attributes
7 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Fifteen studied dietary sources of calcium (n=810 calcium, n=723 controls),16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 and 51 studied calcium supplements (n=6547 calcium, n=5710 controls).7 12 13 14 15 17 19 20 21 22 26 28 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Table 1 ? shows study design and selected baseline siti incontri nudisti characteristics for included studies of dietary calcium. Tables 2 and 3 show the study design and selected baseline characteristics for trials of calcium supplements, without and with additional vitamin D, respectively. ? ? Further details are in tables A-C in appendix 2. Of the 15 randomised controlled trials of dietary sources of calcium, 10 used milk or milk powder, two used dairy products, and three used hydroxyapatite preparations. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, 36 studied calcium monotherapy, 13 co-administered CaD, and two were multi-arm studies of both. Table 4 summarises other features of the trials ? . Most of them studied calcium without vitamin D in women aged <70 living in the community; the mean baseline dietary calcium intake was 500 mg/day was used in most trials, but a higher proportion of trials of calcium supplements used a dose of ?1000 mg/day. Table C in appendix 2 shows our assessment of risk of bias. Of the 15 trials of dietary sources of calcium, we assessed two as low risk of bias, six as moderate risk, and seven as high risk. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, we assessed 19 as low risk of bias, 12 as moderate risk, and 20 as high risk.
Type of randomised regulated trials and you will picked standard properties away from qualified trials out of calcium that also put supplement D medicine
Top analyses
Dining table 5 ? summarises the outcome of your meta-analyses. Expanding calcium supplements consumption regarding weight reduction provide improved BMD by 0.6-step 1.0% from the overall hip and you may complete body in the one year and you can of the 0.7-1.8% on those web sites and also the lumbar lower back and you can femoral shoulder on two years (figs step one and dos ? ? . There is certainly no effect on BMD during the forearm.
Fig step one Haphazard outcomes meta-investigation out-of aftereffect of fat loss types of calcium towards payment alter for the limbs mineral density (BMD) of standard at the 1 year
Fig 2 Haphazard consequences meta-studies regarding effect of weight loss types of calcium to your commission change inside the bones nutrient thickness (BMD) regarding standard on a couple of years
Once we limited brand new analyses toward a dozen randomised regulated examples from dairy otherwise dairy food, because of the excluding about three products of hydroxyapatite, you will find nothing improvement in the outcomes. Calcium enhanced BMD at all four skeletal web sites of the 0.7-step 1.4% in the 1 year (figs step three and you will 4 ? ? ), of the 0.8-1.5% during the 24 months (figs 5 and 6 ? ? ), by 0.8-1.8% on more two and a half decades (fig 7 ? ) (range of lifetime of samples are 3 to 5 years).
