17. Inside combat, the us government marketed rustic hair styles and styles for all the subjects; for females, short, bowl-shaped haircuts and loose, high-waisted monpe shorts (aren’t used regarding country) were encouraged because the gestures regarding austerity, modesty and you can family front help on overall battle effort. For a description and you can analysis away from wartime shojo depictions from inside the shojo zasshi, select Imada Erika, 2007, pp. 57–83. For definitions regarding wartime fashion and you can hairdos getting mature women, get a hold of Wakakuwa, 2000 Wakakuwa, Midori . 2000 . Senso ga tsukuru joseizo: Dai niji sekai taisenka zero Nihon josei doin no shikakuteki puropaganda, Tokyo : Chikuma gakugei bunko . [Google College student] and you can Atkins, 2005 Atkins, Jacqueline . 2005 . “ Luxury is the challenger: Style and you will materials during the wartime Japan, from inside the Jacqueline Atkins ”. During the Wearing propaganda: Textiles towards the domestic top inside the The japanese, Britain, therefore the United states, 1931–1945, 157 – 169 . The new Sanctuary and you can London area : Yale College Push . [Google Student] .

18. Tanabe, ‘Shojo shosetsu ni muchu datta koro’, off Bara zero kobeya yori, reprinted in the Honda, 1991 Honda, Masuko . 1991 . “ Senjika no shojo zasshi, inside Otsuka Eiji ”. Inside the Shojo zasshi ron, Tokyo : Tokyo shoseki . [Google Scholar] , pp. 36–37.

19. Tale out of Young Lawn, the translated Japanese title off Louisa Can get Alcott’s Little Women. The fresh label Wakakusa Monogatari try accompanied in the event the film try shown when you look at the Japan from inside the 1934; before published translations and you will adjustment regarding Alcott’s antique received various other titles.

20. Other designs out-of shojo entertainment, specifically the brand new Takarazuka Revue, may also have given a product for the right boy with the style of the brand new danso zero reijin[gorgeous woman inside the men clothing], brand new otokoyaku. Takarazuka not just grown a loyal shojo fan base from wartime and you can postwar years, however, was looked regularly during the shojo zasshi, in particular Shojo no tomo. To possess a reason and you can historic/anthropological studies of one’s Takarazuka Revue, select Robertson, 1998 Robertson, Jennifer . 1998 . [Crossref] , [Yahoo Beginner] .

21. As far back as the new 1910s, educators and you can ethical supporters regarded motion picture theatres due to the fact reproduction grounds for the latest furyo, otherwise as the furyo’s browse cause of their jogakusei victims. Some girls’ colleges placed strict requirements into the children who desired to sit in motion picture theatres, or blocked attendance outright. See Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko to jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Yahoo Student] , pp. 142–forty two.

Note: just like the postcard respondent (or the publisher) utilized another type of spelling (Wakagusa in place of Wakakusa), the product quality spelling and you will enunciation are Wakakusa

twenty-two. New close overtones from sharing an umbrella enjoys prewar and very early wartime precedents. Pick Kawabata Yasunari’s short story, ‘Amagasa’ (Umbrella) away from 1932, which has an excellent romantically recharged scene of a couple children sharing an enthusiastic umbrella. My because of The month of january Bardsley to own pointing out that it commitment.

23. Pick ‘Civilizing “Degenerate” Students’, for the Ambaras, 2006 Ambaras, David . 2006 . Bad teens: Juvenile delinquency and government of everyday life into the modern The japanese, Berkeley and La : College of Ca Force . [Bing Scholar] , pp. 66–96.

twenty four. The fresh commission transform signifies data from 1946–fifty as opposed to 1936–40 (Lunden, 1953 Lunden, Walter Good. 1953 . Juvenile delinquency from inside the Japan. Pre-conflict, conflict, and article-conflict many years . The fresh Record regarding Violent Legislation, Criminology, and you may Cops Science, 44(4): 428 – 432 . November-December [Crossref] , [Yahoo Beginner] , p http://datingmentor.org/cs/jeevansathi-recenze. 430).

Really the only exception to your gender-segregated program from article-number one education regarding the Meiji months into wartime months is actually the brand new coeducational Tokyo Tunes College [Tokyo ongaku gakko]

seven. We evaluate these types of depictions in more detail in the wartime section inside the my dissertation towards shojo zasshi:‘The Girl’s a stage: Representations away from Femininity and you will Puberty for the Japanese Girls’ Magazines, 1930s-1960s’ (PhD Dissertation, Stanford University, 2008).

16. Select Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko so you can jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Yahoo College student] , p. 207.